Method for weaving selvageless cloth



Aug. 18, 1964 M. STEINER METHOD FOR WEAVING SELVAGELESS CLOTH 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 16, 1961 J n vemo r: [VAXSTE/NEQ.

Aug. 18, 1964 M. STEINER 3,144,882

METHOD FOR WEAVING SELVAGELESS- CLOTH Filed om. 1a, 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jn venlor:

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' 04fforng Aug. 18, 1964 M. STEINER 3,144,882

METHOD FOR WEAVING SELVAGELESS CLOTH Filed Oct. 16, 1961 s Sheets-Sheet 3 United States Patent 3,144,832 METHUD FOR WEAVING SELVAGELESS CLOTH Max Steiner, Zurich, Switzerland, assignor to Sulzer Freres, S.A., Winterthur, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland Filed Oct. 16, 1961, Ser. No. 145,148 Claims priority, application Switzerland Mar. 23, 1961 4 Claims. (Cl. 139-54) T he present invention relates to a method for producing a fabric whose weft threads at the lateral edge of the fabric are bound by means of binding threads which are parallel to the warp threads. The weft threads are cut outside of the binding threads.

In the method according to the invention two or more adjacent binding threads which are parallel to the warp threads and placed at the locationof the lateral edge of the finished cloth are wound or twisted about each other upon change of the shed. The sense of rotation of the binding threads may be changed after each or after a plurality of picks whereby the threads are equally often rotated in one direction and in the opposite direction for producing a single crossing. In this case no rotating thread spools are needed. If the direction of rotation is not changed a twisted crossing is obtained. In the latter case a special twisting apparatus is needed. With the aforedescribed single and twisted crossing instead of a screenlike crossing of the weft and warp threads a firm binding is obtained which cannot slide from the weft thread ends.

A weaving method is known wherein the weft thread ends are not tucked in but project from the cloth. The weft threads are bound by binding threads at the location of the edge of the finished cloth. The projecting ends of the weft threads may also be bound by binding threads. Thereupon the weft threads are cut outside of the binding threads which define the edge of the finished cloth.

In the method according to the invention the weft thread ends projecting beyond the binding threads are bent over and tucked into the marginal Warp threads of a subsequently formed shed for producing a temporary selvage. Only a part of the bent-over length of the weft thread ends is tied in warp threads; the remaining lengths of the weft thread ends project freely. The thus formed narrow selvage is subsequently severed from the cloth.

The machine for performing the method according to the invention comprises temples having a cover provided with an edge for guiding the cloth to the temples, the edge having a recess at the lateral edge of the finished cloth and inside of the outermost marginal warp threads and having a length corresponding to the space taken by but a few warp threads so that the apex of the shed formed by a part of the warp threads which are within reach of the selvage laying or tucking needle is above the elevation of the apex of the shed formed by the remaining warp threads, permitting passage of the tucking needle below the few warp threads traveling toward said recess and limiting tucking in of weft thread ends to the outermost marginal warp threads.

A cloth made according to the invention has a narrow, temporary selvage formed by bent-over weft thread ends, only a part of whose lengths is bound by warp threads, the remaining part of the weft thread ends projecting freely. The weft threads are bound between the main part of the cloth and the narrow, temporary selvage by binding threads which are parallel to the warp threads and the temporary selvage is severed along and outside of the binding threads.

With the method according to the invention a temporary narrow selvage is produced whose width corresponds to the tucked-in part of the bent-over weft thread ends. This selvage is less wide than the bent-over length 3,144,882 Patented Aug. 18, 1964 "ice of the weft thread ends. Therefore, it is possible to place the edge of the main part of the cloth which edge is formed by the binding threads, in a position which is within the space required by a conventional selvage wherein the weft thread ends are entirely tucked in. At equal weaving width the yarn wasted when cutting off a narrow selvage according to the invention is smaller and the main part of the cloth is wider than when producing a conventional selvage.

The method according tothe invention provides a narrow but stable tucked selvage-during weaving. This makes it possible to secure the edge of the main portion of the fabric by means of a simple twist binding which can be obtained by simple means, namelyby doup heddles inserted in the heald shafts, instead of by a twistedcrossing-which affords binding-in of loose weft thread ends but requires a special twisting apparatus. The simple twist-binding is sufficiently held by the narrow selvage during weaving when'the binding is subjected to the warp tension. After cutting off the selvage there is no tension on the binding which forms the edgeof the fabric and there is no danger of fringing. The stable narrow tucked selvage can be cut off easier and cleaner than freely protruding weft thread ends, even ifthe latter are bound -bya twisted pair of threads.

The invention is suitable for producing cloth having cutoff weft threads and havingno selvage, the-main part of the cloth being confined by a simple twist binding. The invention is particularly suitable for producing dense weaves wherein a tucked selvage would be too thick and must, therefore, be cut off at a minimum of waste. The invention is also useful for producing cloth to-which subsequently a layer of a different material is applied, for example cloth serving as a base for oilcloth, for bookbindings, professionalclothing, and so on. Cloth to which a layer of synthetic material is applied must not have a selvage which is thicker than the main portion of the cloth to facilitate application and holding of the synthetic material. A selvage which is thicker than the main part of the cloth or hinders, for other reasons, the application of layer of differentrnaterial, must be'cut off. This, however, should involve a minimumof waste. This object is obtained by the presentinvention which considerably reduces the width'of the'selvage which is removed from the cloth.

The novel features which are considered characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, and additional objects and advantages thereof will best be understood from the following description of embodiments thereof when read in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein:

FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate on a large scalesections parallel to the'weft threads of cloths produced according to the invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of warp threads, weft threads and finished cloths and parts of a weaving machine for producing a selvage according to the invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view through a portion of a weaving machine according to the invention.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the portion of a Weaving machine shown in FIG. 5, the section-being made alongline VI-VI of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the portion of a weaving machine shown in FIG. 5.

Referring more particularly to FIG. 1 of the drawing, numeral 1 designates warp threads into which weft threads 2 are bound, only one weft thread being visible in FIG. 1. On the'left side of the main portion 3 of the cloth a simple twist orsingle cross binding 'is formed by two warp threads 4 and produced by doup heddles.

About two warp threads are omitted at the left side of the binding threads 4, leaving a space 19 where there are no warp threads. Warp threads are at the left side of the empty space 19 which form together with the end portion 2a of the weft thread 2 and the bentover tucked-in part 2b a tucked-in selvage 6. Only a portion (2b) of the weft thread end is bound into the warp threads 5, the remaining portion 7 of the weft thread end freely projecting. The selvage 6 is relatively narrow. The selvage 6 is severed along the space 19 approximately at 8 outside of the lateral edge of the main portion 3 of the cloth at which edge the binding threads 4 are located.

A cloth made in the conventional manner and having the same weaving width but having completely bound-in weft thread ends 2b, 7 has a narrower main portion 3a and a selvage of the width 6a corresponding to the entire length of the bent-over weft thread 2b, 7, which selvage is much wider than the selvage 6.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 the bent-over weft thread ends 2b, 7 are bound only by marginal threads 5 and not by all warp threads within the selvage 6. The inner warp threads 5a of the selvage 6 are not bound with the bent-over weft thread ends 2b, 7.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the inner edge of the selvage 6 which faces the main portion 3 of the cloth is bound by a simple twisting binding 9 produced by doup heddles. This facilitates severing of the selvage 6 at 8.

As seen in FIG. 1 the narrow selvage 6 is placed so far to the left that the binding threads 4 at the lateral edge of the finished cloth are within the space defined by the length of the bent-over weft thread ends 2b, 7 and, therefore, are within the space of a corresponding conventional selvage 6a having entirely bound-in weft thread ends 211, 7. The main part 3 of the cloth is, therefore, broader and the selvage 6 is narrower.

Referring to FIG. 4 of the drawing, numeral 11 designates fabric or cloth. Numerals 1 and 5 designate warp threads and numeral 12 designates a just beaten up weft thread. Numeral 13 designates a selvage laying or tucking needle which is placed lower than the fabric 11. The point 14 of the needle 13 moves along a path indicated by a dotted line 15 after beat up of weft thread.

As seen in FIG. 4 the point 14 of the tucking needle moves from the starting position shown in FIG. 4 to the left and subsequently upward (15a). While traveling through the path portion 15a the needle 13 comes close to the warp threads 5 which are in the lower shed, pressing these warp threads slightly upward. Thereupon the path of the point 14 goes to the left (15b) whereby the needle 13 enters the shed. Subsequently, the needle point 14 travels downward (15c) towards the beaten-up weft thread 12 and to the left towards the end 15d of the needle path. The weft thread end, not shown, is now seized by the hook 17 of the needle 13 and the needle moves to the right (15c), pulling along the thread end 2b, 7 and tucking it into the shed. Since the needle leaves the shed already when crossing the needle path portion 150 at 15 before the entire length of the bentover weft thread end 2b, 7 slides from the hook 17 of the tucking needle, a narrow selvage according to FIG. 3 is produced. The remaining portion 7 of the weft thread end is not bound but hangs freely out of the cloth. Thereupon the needle travels to the reversal point 15g and moves therefrom through the path 1512 to the starting position in which the needle is shown in FIG. 4.

The dash line shown in FIG. 4 illustrates the path of the selvage laying needle 13 when producing a conventional selvage of the width 6a in FIG. 1 having fully tied-in weft thread ends 2b, 7. In this case the point of the needle 13 immediately travels upward along a path 18 from the starting position and thereupon moves to the left (18a) and enters the shed already at the beginning of the path portion 18a. Thereupon the needle A point travels along the previously described path 15b, 15c, 15e, 15f, 15g and 1512.

FIG. 4 shows the space 19 wherein there are no warp threads and which is confined between the twisted thread pairs 4 and 9. A knife 21 is provided for cutting off the narrow selvage 6, which is preferably wound on a roll 38 forming part of the weaving machine. The roll 38 may be frictionally connected to the main loom drive for rotation and the cut-off selvage 6 can be used for tying packages or the like.

FIGS. 5 to 7 show a device for producing narrow selvages as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. Numeral 24 designates a temple of a weaving machine. The temple includes a plurality of needle rollers 23 which are mounted in slanted position on a shaft 25. The temple is covered by a cover 26 having a horizontal edge 27 normal to the warp threads 1, 5 and guiding the cloth onto the temple 24. The edge 27 has a recess 28 which is about 3 mm. deep and placed adjacent to and inside of the outermost marginal warp threads 5. Only a few warp threads 5a pass through the recess 28 and are thereby held above the weaving plane 29. The elevation of the apex 12a of the shed 36a formed by the warp threads 5a is above the elevation of the apex of the shed 36b formed by the remaining warp threads 1 and 5.

Numeral 31 in FIG. 5 designates a shuttle for inserting weft threads into the shed. The figure shows two heddle frames 34, 35 carrying heddles 32 and 33, respectively, for forming a shed 36. The frame 34 is in upper shed position and the frame 35 is shown in low shed position.

The path of a tucking needle 13 (FIG. 4) is shown by a dotted line in FIG. 7. When the needle travels along the portion 15b of the needle path it is in the position designated by 13a in FIG. 5, i.e., below the warp threads 5a forming the lower shed 36a. When the point of the tucking needle reaches the point 15i of the needle paththe needle enters the shed 36b formed by the marginal warp threads 5. The end of the weft thread seized by the tucking needle is, therefore, tucked into the shed 36b formed by the marginal warp threads 5 when the needle travels along the portion 15a of the needle path. Thereupon the needle 13 leaves the shed 36b below the warp threads 5a forming the lower shed 36a and the end 7 (FIGS. 13) of the weft thread hangs down.

Instead of providing single pairs of binding threads 4 and 9 two or more pairs of single crossed binding threads may be provided. The binding threads may be rotated through 180 to the right after insertion of a first weft thread and may be rotated 180 to the left after insertion of the second weft thread, and so on. The warp threads which are used as binding threads may be rotated two full revolutions to the left after the insertion of a first weft thread and may be rotated two full revolutions to the right after the insertion of the second weft thread. It is also possible to rotate the warp threads forming the binding threads through 360 to the right after the first pick and to continue rotation once more through 360 to the right after the second pick. In this case the binding threads are rotated through 360 to the left after the third pick and are once more rotated 360 to the left after the fourth pick. In any case, the binding threads are rotated equally often to the right as to the left within one twisting cycle as it is required for single crossing.

The invention is applicable to weaving of material whose warp and weft threads and particularly the warp threads forming the binding threads 4 and 9, are cotton, wool, or other textile material, for example synthetic material. The invention can also be used when weaving wire.

I claim:

1. A method of producing selvageless cloth on a loom for Weaving wherein sheds are consecutively formed in a warp, and weft threads are consecutively inserted into said sheds, the width of said warp being greater than the width of the produced cloth, said warp having marginal warp threads, and the inserted weft threads having end portions extending beyond said marginal warp threads, said method comprising:

bending over the weft thread end portions extending beyond the marginal warp threads, tucking said end portions between all of said marginal warp threads for forming a temporary selvage, and

cutting the weft threads inside and adjacent to said marginal warp threads for removing the temporary selvage from the cloth.

2. A method of producing selvageless cloth on a loom for weaving wherein sheds are consecutively formed in a warp, and weft threads are consecutively inserted into said sheds, the Width of said warp being greater than the width of the produced cloth, said warp having marginal warp threads, and the inserted weft threads having end portions extending beyond said marginal warp threads, said method comprising:

bending over the weft thread end portions extending beyond the marginal warp threads,

tucking said end portions between at least the outer ones of said marginal warp threads to extend at least the width of the marginal warp threads for forming a temporary selvage, and

cutting the weft threads inside and adjacent to said marginal warp threads for removing the temporary selvage from the cloth.

3. A method of producing selvageless cloth on a loom for weaving wherein sheds are consecutively formed in a warp, and weft threads are consecutively inserted into said sheds, said warp having marginal warp threads, and the inserted weft threads have end portions extending beyond said marginal warp threads, said method comprising:

bending over the weft thread end portions extending beyond the marginal warp threads,

tucking part of said end portions between said marginal warp threads for forming a temporary selvage and leaving freely protruding the remaining part of said end portions,

binding the weft threads by binding threads inside of said marginal warp threads and substantially at the ends of the bent-over weft thread ends, and

cutting the weft threads between said binding threads and said marginal warp threads for removing the temporary selvage from the cloth.

4. A method of producing selvageless cloth on a loom for weaving wherein sheds are consecutively formed in a warp, and weft threads are consecutively inserted into said sheds, the width of said warp being greater than the width of the produced cloth, said warp having marginal warp threads, and the inserted weft threads having end portions extending beyond said marginal warp threads, said method comprising:

bending over the weft thread end portions extending beyond the marginal warp threads, tucking said end portions between at least the outer ones of said marginal warp threads to extend at least the width of the marginal warp threads for forming a temporary selvage,

binding the weft threads by binding threads inside said marginal warp threads and substantially at the ends of the bent-over weft thread ends,

binding the weft threads by binding threads adjacent to the innermost marginal warp thread, and

cutting the weft threads between said binding threads adjacent to the innermost marginal warp thread and the binding threads substantially at the ends of the bent-over weft thread ends for removing the temporary selvage from the cloth.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,786,684 Turner Dec. 30, 1930 2,080,771 Hale May 18, 1937 2,144,912 Clutsom Jan. 24, 1939 2,179,069 Sullivan Nov. 7, 1939 2,300,281 Barbotto Oct. 27, 1942 2,389,809 Moessinger Nov. 27, 1945 2,530,134 Taylor et a1 Nov. 14, 1950 2,730,139 Ryflfel Jan. 10, 1956 2,906,296 Ancent et al Sept. 29, 1959 3,000,404 Eisen Sept. 19, 1961 3,083,738 Pfarrwaller et a1. Apr. 2, 1963 

1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING SELVAGELESS CLOTH ON A LOOM FOR WEAVING WHEREIN SHEDS ARE CONSECUTIVELY FORMED IN A WARP, AND WEFT THREADS ARE CONSECUTIVELY INSERTED INTO SAID SHEDS, THE WIDTH OF SAID WARP BEING GREATER THAN THE WIDTH OF THE PRODUCED CLOTH, SAID WARP HAVING MARGINAL WARP THREADS, AND THE INSERTED WEFT THREADS HAVING END PORTIONS EXTENDING BEYOND SAID MARGINAL WARP THREADS, SAID METHOD COMPRISING: BENDING OVER THE WEFT THREAD END PORTIONS EXTENDING BEYOND THE MARGINAL WARP THREADS, TUCKING SAID END PORTIONS BETWEEN ALL OF SAID MARGINAL WARP THREADS FOR FORMING A TEMPORARY SELVAGE, AND CUTTING THE WEFT THREADS INSIDE AND ADJACENT TO SAID MARGINAL WARP THREADS FOR REMOVING THE TEMPORARY SELVAGE FROM THE CLOTH. 